louren in Middle English

IPA: /ˈluːrən/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch loeren (modern Dutch loeren (“to lurk, spy on”)), Middle High German lūren (“to lie in ambush”) (modern German lauern (“to lie in ambush; to lurk”)). Etymology templates: {{cog|dum|loeren}} Middle Dutch loeren, {{cog|nl|loeren||to lurk, spy on}} Dutch loeren (“to lurk, spy on”), {{cog|gmh|lūren||to lie in ambush}} Middle High German lūren (“to lie in ambush”), {{cog|de|lauern||to lie in ambush; to lurk}} German lauern (“to lie in ambush; to lurk”) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb}} louren Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|lour}} Forms: weak [table-tags], louren [infinitive], to louren [infinitive], loure [infinitive], loure [first-person, present, singular], loured [first-person, past, singular], lourede [first-person, past, singular], lourest [present, second-person, singular], louredest [past, second-person, singular], loureth [present, singular, third-person], loured [past, singular, third-person], lourede [past, singular, third-person], loure [present, singular, subjunctive], loured [past, singular, subjunctive], lourede [past, singular, subjunctive], loure [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], louren [plural, present], loure [plural, present], loureden [past, plural], loured [past, plural], lourede [past, plural], loureth [imperative, plural, present], loure [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], lourynge [participle, present], lourende [participle, present], loured [participle, past], yloured [participle, past], loure [alternative]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "lour"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
      ],
      "word": "lournagh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "loeren",
      "loeren#Middle_Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "loeren",
      "loeren#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "lūren",
      "luren#Middle_High_German"
    ],
    [
      "lauern",
      "lauern#German"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "loeren"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch loeren",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "loeren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to lurk, spy on"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch loeren (“to lurk, spy on”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "lūren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to lie in ambush"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German lūren (“to lie in ambush”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "lauern",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to lie in ambush; to lurk"
      },
      "expansion": "German lauern (“to lie in ambush; to lurk”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Middle Dutch loeren (modern Dutch loeren (“to lurk, spy on”)), Middle High German lūren (“to lie in ambush”) (modern German lauern (“to lie in ambush; to lurk”)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "louren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to louren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loured",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lourede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lourest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "louredest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loureth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loured",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lourede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loured",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lourede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "louren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loureden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loured",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lourede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loureth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lourynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lourende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loured",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yloured",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loure",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "louren",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lour"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To frown or scowl."
      ],
      "id": "en-louren-enm-verb-SVwyoYy1",
      "links": [
        [
          "frown",
          "frown"
        ],
        [
          "scowl",
          "scowl"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈluːrən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "louren"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "lour"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
      ],
      "word": "lournagh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "loeren",
      "loeren#Middle_Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "loeren",
      "loeren#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "lūren",
      "luren#Middle_High_German"
    ],
    [
      "lauern",
      "lauern#German"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "loeren"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch loeren",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "loeren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to lurk, spy on"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch loeren (“to lurk, spy on”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "lūren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to lie in ambush"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German lūren (“to lie in ambush”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "lauern",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to lie in ambush; to lurk"
      },
      "expansion": "German lauern (“to lie in ambush; to lurk”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Middle Dutch loeren (modern Dutch loeren (“to lurk, spy on”)), Middle High German lūren (“to lie in ambush”) (modern German lauern (“to lie in ambush; to lurk”)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "louren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to louren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loured",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lourede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lourest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "louredest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loureth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loured",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lourede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loured",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lourede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "louren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loureden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loured",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lourede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loureth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lourynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lourende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loured",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yloured",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loure",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "louren",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lour"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English verbs",
        "Middle English weak verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To frown or scowl."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frown",
          "frown"
        ],
        [
          "scowl",
          "scowl"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈluːrən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "louren"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"louren" meaning in Middle English

Verb